PyGObjecti rakenduste ja programmide pakett ".deb" paketina Linuxi töölauale - 4. osa
Jätkame teiega programmeerimissarja PyGObject Linuxi töölaual, seeria neljandas osas selgitame, kuidas pakendada programme ja rakendusi, mille me Linuxi töölaud, kasutades Debiani paketina PyGObjecti.
Debiani paketid ( .deb ) on kõige enam kasutatav vorming programmide installimiseks Linuxi alla, süsteem\" dpkg ", mis tegeleb pakettidega .deb on kõigi Debiani-põhiste Linuxi distributsioonide, nagu Ubuntu ja Linux Mint, vaikimisi. Sellepärast selgitame ainult, kuidas oma programme Debiani jaoks pakendada.
Looge oma PyGObjecti rakendustest Debiani pakett
Esiteks peaksid teil olema mõned põhiteadmised Debiani pakettide loomise kohta, see järgmine juhend aitab teid palju.
- Sissejuhatus Debiani pakenditesse
Lühidalt, kui teil on projekt nimega\" minu programm ", peab see pakkima järgmisi faile ja kaustu.
- debian (kaust): see kaust sisaldab kogu teavet Debiani paketi kohta, mis on jagatud paljudeks alamfailideks.
- po (kaust): po-kaust sisaldab programmi tõlkefaile (selgitame seda 5. osas).
- myprogram (File): see on PyGObjecti abil loodud Pythoni fail, see on projekti peamine fail.
- ui.glade (fail): graafiline kasutajaliidese fail. Kui lõite rakenduse liidese Glade'i abil, peate selle faili lisama kausta
oma projekti. - bMyprogram.desktop (fail): see on vastutav fail rakenduse menüüs rakenduste kuvamise eest.
- setup.py (fail): see fail vastutab mis tahes Pythoni programmi installimise eest kohalikku süsteemi, see on väga oluline igas Pythoni programmis, sellel on ka palju muid kasutusviise.
Muidugi .. On palju muid faile ja kaustu, mida saate oma projekti lisada (tegelikult võite lisada kõike, mida soovite), kuid need on põhilised.
Alustame nüüd projekti pakkimist. Looge uus kaust nimega\" minu programm ", looge fail nimega\" minu programm " ja lisage sellele järgmine kood.
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
## Replace your name and email.
# My Name <[email >
## Here you must add the license of the file, replace "MyProgram" with your program name.
# License:
# MyProgram is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# MyProgram is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with MyProgram. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
from gi.repository import Gtk
import os
class Handler:
def openterminal(self, button):
## When the user clicks on the first button, the terminal will be opened.
os.system("x-terminal-emulator ")
def closeprogram(self, button):
Gtk.main_quit()
# Nothing new here.. We just imported the 'ui.glade' file.
builder = Gtk.Builder()
builder.add_from_file("/usr/lib/myprogram/ui.glade")
builder.connect_signals(Handler())
window = builder.get_object("window1")
window.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit)
window.show_all()
Gtk.main()
Looge fail ui.glade ja täitke see selle koodiga.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.16.1 -->
<interface>
<requires lib="gtk+" version="3.10"/>
<object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="title" translatable="yes">My Program</property>
<property name="window_position">center</property>
<property name="icon_name">applications-utilities</property>
<property name="gravity">center</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkBox" id="box1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="orientation">vertical</property>
<property name="homogeneous">True</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Welcome to this Test Program !</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">0</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button2">
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Click on me to open the Terminal</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="openterminal" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">1</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button3">
<property name="label">gtk-preferences</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">2</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button4">
<property name="label">gtk-about</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">3</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
<property name="label">gtk-close</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="closeprogram" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">4</property>
</packing>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</interface>
Siiani pole midagi uut ... Lõime just Pythoni faili ja selle liidesefaili. Nüüd looge samasse kausta\" setup.py " fail ja lisage sellele järgmine kood, iga rida on kommentaarides selgitatud.
# Here we imported the 'setup' module which allows us to install Python scripts to the local system beside performing some other tasks, you can find the documentation here: https://docs.python.org/2/distutils/apiref.html
from distutils.core import setup
setup(name = "myprogram", # Name of the program.
version = "1.0", # Version of the program.
description = "An easy-to-use web interface to create & share pastes easily", # You don't need any help here.
author = "TecMint", # Nor here.
author_email = "[email ",# Nor here :D
url = "http://example.com", # If you have a website for you program.. put it here.
license='GPLv3', # The license of the program.
scripts=['myprogram'], # This is the name of the main Python script file, in our case it's "myprogram", it's the file that we added under the "myprogram" folder.
# Here you can choose where do you want to install your files on the local system, the "myprogram" file will be automatically installed in its correct place later, so you have only to choose where do you want to install the optional files that you shape with the Python script
data_files = [ ("lib/myprogram", ["ui.glade"]), # This is going to install the "ui.glade" file under the /usr/lib/myprogram path.
("share/applications", ["myprogram.desktop"]) ] ) # And this is going to install the .desktop file under the /usr/share/applications folder, all the folder are automatically installed under the /usr folder in your root partition, you don't need to add "/usr/ to the path.
Nüüd looge samasse kausta\" minuprogram.desktop " fail ja lisage järgmine kood, seda selgitatakse ka kommentaarides.
# This is the .desktop file, this file is the responsible file about showing your application in the applications menu in any desktop interface, it's important to add this file to your project, you can view more details about this file from here: https://developer.gnome.org/integration-guide/stable/desktop-files.html.en [Desktop Entry] # The default name of the program. Name=My Program # The name of the program in the Arabic language, this name will be used to display the application under the applications menu when the default language of the system is Arabic, use the languages codes to change the name for each language. Name[ar]=برنامجي # Description of the file. Comment=A simple test program developed by me. # Description of the file in Arabic. Comment[ar]=برنامج تجريبي بسيط تم تطويره بواسطتي. # The command that's going to be executed when the application is launched from the applications menu, you can enter the name of the Python script or the full path if you want like /usr/bin/myprogram Exec=myprogram # Do you want to run your program from the terminal? Terminal=false # Leave this like that. Type=Application # Enter the name of the icon you want to use for the application, you can enter a path for the icon as well like /usr/share/pixmaps/icon.png but make sure to include the icon.png file in your project folder first and in the setup.py file as well. Here we'll use the "system" icon for now. Icon=system # The category of the file, you can view the available categories from the freedesktop website. Categories=GNOME;GTK;Utility; StartupNotify=false
Nüüd oleme siin peaaegu valmis .. Peame lihtsalt looma kausta\" debian ” mõned väikesed failid, et anda teavet paketi kohta\" dpkg ”Süsteem.
Avage kaust\" debian " ja looge järgmised failid.
control compat changelog rules
juhtimine : see fail sisaldab Debiani paketi põhiteavet. Lisateabe saamiseks külastage Debiani paketi juhtimisvälju.
Source: myprogram Maintainer: My Name <[email > Section: utils Priority: optional Standards-Version: 3.9.2 Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), python2.7 Package: myprogram Architecture: all Depends: python-gi Description: My Program Here you can add a short description about your program.
kaas : see on lihtsalt oluline fail dpkg-süsteemi jaoks, see sisaldab lihtsalt maagilist numbrit 9, jätke see nii.
9
muutmislogi : siin saate lisada oma programmis tehtud muudatused. Lisateabe saamiseks külastage Debiani paketi muutmisloendi allikat.
myprogram (1.0) trusty; urgency=medium * Add the new features here. * Continue adding new changes here. * And here. -- My Name Here <[email > Sat, 27 Dec 2014 21:36:33 +0200
reeglid : see fail vastutab paketi installimiseks kohalikus arvutis installiprotsessi käivitamise eest. Lisateavet saate vaadata
selle faili kohta siit: Debiani paketi vaikereeglid.
Kuigi te ei vaja oma Pythoni programmi jaoks midagi enamat.
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# This file is responsible about running the installation process on the local machine to install the package, you can view more information about this file from here: https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/dreq.en.html#defaultrules Though you won't need anything more for your Python program.
%:
dh [email
override_dh_auto_install:
python setup.py install --root=debian/myprogram --install-layout=deb --install-scripts=/usr/bin/ # This is going to run the setup.py file to install the program as a Python script on the system, it's also going to install the "myprogram" script under /usr/bin/ using the --install-scripts option, DON'T FORGET TO REPLACE "myprogram" WITH YOUR PROGRAM NAME.
override_dh_auto_build:
Nüüd oleme kõik oma programmi jaoks vajalikud failid edukalt loonud, alustame selle pakkimist. Kõigepealt veenduge, et enne alustamist oleks installimisprotsessi jaoks mõned sõltuvused installitud.
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install devscripts
Kujutage nüüd ette, et\" minuprogramm " kaust asub teie kodukataloogis (/home/user/myprogram ), et see Debiani paketina pakkida, käivitage järgmised käsud .
$ cd /home/user/myprogram $ debuild -us -uc
[email :~/Projects/myprogram$ debuild -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -D -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage: source package myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: source version 1.0 dpkg-buildpackage: source distribution trusty dpkg-buildpackage: source changed by My Name Here <[email > dpkg-source --before-build myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: host architecture i386 fakeroot debian/rules clean dh clean dh_testdir dh_auto_clean .... ..... Finished running lintian.
Ja see ongi kõik ! Teie Debiani pakett loodi edukalt:
Selle installimiseks mis tahes Debiani-põhisele jaotusele käivitage.
$ sudo dpkg -i myprogram_1.0_all.deb
Ärge unustage ülaltoodud faili asendada paketi nimega. Nüüd saate pärast paketi installimist programmi käivitada rakenduste menüüs.
Ja see töötab ..
Siin lõpeb meie PyGObjecti käsitleva seeria 4. osa. Järgmises õppetükis selgitame, kuidas PyGObjecti rakendust hõlpsalt lokaliseerida, kuni selle ajani tundma jääma