10 strace-käsku Linuxi protsesside tõrkeotsinguks ja silumiseks
strace on võimas käsurea tööriist programmide silumiseks ja tõrkeotsinguteks Unixi-laadsetes operatsioonisüsteemides nagu Linux. See hõivab ja salvestab kõik protsessiga tehtud süsteemikõned ja protsessis vastuvõetud signaalid.
See kuvab iga süsteemikõne nime koos sulgudesse lisatud argumentidega ja selle naaseväärtuse standardveale; saate selle soovi korral ka faili ümber suunata.
Selles artiklis selgitame 10 strace-käsu näidet programmide ja protsesside tõrkeotsinguks ja silumiseks Linuxi süsteemis.
Kuidas installida stressiprotsessi jälgimise tööriista Linuxi
Kui strace pole teie Linuxi süsteemi eelinstallitud, käivitage selle installimiseks allpool sobiv käsk.
$ sudo apt install strace #Debian/Ubuntu # yum install strace #RHEL/CentOS # dnf install strace #Fedora 22+
Juhul, kui mõni programm jookseb kokku või käitub ootuspärasel viisil, võite selle süsteemikõnesid läbi käia, et saada aimu, mis selle käivitamisel täpselt juhtus. Nagu hiljem näeme, saab süsteemikõnesid kategoriseerida erinevate sündmuste alla: need, mis on seotud protsessihaldusega, need, mis võtavad argumendina faili, need, mis hõlmavad võrguühendust, mälu kaardistamist, signaale, IPC-d ja ka failikirjeldajatega seotud süsteemikõnesid.
Võite käivitada programmi/käsu strace'iga või edastada talle PID-i, kasutades valikut -p nagu järgmistes näidetes.
1. Jälgige Linuxi käsusüsteemi kõnesid
Saate lihtsalt käsu käivitada sellise stringiga, siin jälgime kõiki käsku df tehtud süsteemikõnesid.
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "7ELF$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
$ strace df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL) = 0x136e000
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000
close(3) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000
...
Ülaltoodud väljundist näete näiteks erinevat tüüpi süsteemikõnesid, mille on teinud käsk df.
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
Kus:
- avatud - on süsteemikõne tüüp
- („/etc/ld.so.cache”, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC) - süsteemikõne argument
- 3 - süsteemi kõne tagasivõtmise väärtus
Allpool on näidisväljund, mis näitab kirjutamissüsteemi kõnesid, mis kuvab ekraanil df käsu väljundi.
mmap(NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78f5000
close(3) = 0
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0
write(1, "Filesystem Size Used Avail"..., 49Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
) = 49
write(1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
) = 43
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
) = 43
write(1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
) = 40
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
) = 47
write(1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
) = 48
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
) = 53
write(1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
) = 56
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 36K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 36K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
) = 53
close(1) = 0
close(2) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
2. Jälgige Linuxi protsessi PID-d
Kui protsess juba töötab, saate selle jälgida, edastades selle PID lihtsalt järgmiselt; see täidab teie ekraani jätkuva väljundiga, mis näitab protsessi poolt tehtud süsteemikõnesid. Selle lõpetamiseks vajutage klahvi [Ctrl + C] .
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U0!70$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
restart_syscall(<... resuming interrupted poll ...>) = 1
recvmsg(4, {msg_name(0)=NULL, msg_iov(1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0\0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}])
read(31, "\372", 1) = 1
recvmsg(4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)
poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN}, {fd=4, events=POLLIN}, {fd=5, events=POLLIN}, {fd=10, events=POLLIN}, {fd=30, events=POLLIN}, {fd=31, events=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Timeout)
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
...
3. Hankige Linuxi protsessi kokkuvõte
Lipu -c abil saate genereerida aruande kõigi süsteemikõnede koguaja, kõnede ja vigade kohta järgmiselt.
$ sudo strace -c -p 3569
strace: Process 3569 attached
^Cstrace: Process 3569 detached
% time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
99.73 0.016000 8 1971 poll
0.16 0.000025 0 509 75 futex
0.06 0.000010 0 1985 1966 recvmsg
0.06 0.000009 0 2336 mprotect
0.00 0.000000 0 478 read
0.00 0.000000 0 13 write
0.00 0.000000 0 29 mmap
0.00 0.000000 0 9 munmap
0.00 0.000000 0 18 writev
0.00 0.000000 0 351 madvise
0.00 0.000000 0 1 restart_syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
100.00 0.016044 7700 2041 total
4. Printige juhiste kursor süsteemikõne ajal
Valik -i kuvab käsuosuti iga programmi poolt tehtud süsteemikõne ajal.
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -i df -h
[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
[00007faf9cafa4b9] brk(NULL) = 0x12f0000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000
[00007faf9cafb427] close(3) = 0
[00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[00007faf9cafb327] open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[00007faf9cafb347] read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
[00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
[00007faf9cafb47a] mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000
[00007faf9cafb517] mprotect(0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
5. Näidake iga jälje väljundliini kellaaega
Samuti saate jälje väljundisse printida iga rea kellaaja, läbides lipu -t .
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
$ sudo strace -t df -h
15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
15:19:25 brk(NULL) = 0x234c000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000
15:19:25 close(3) = 0
15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
15:19:25 open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
15:19:25 read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
15:19:25 fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0
15:19:25 mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000
15:19:25 mprotect(0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
...
6. Süsteemikõnedes kulutatud käsuaja printimine
Ajavahe kuvamiseks iga programmi poolt tehtud süsteemikõne alguse ja lõpu vahel kasutage valikut -T .
$ sudo strace -T df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 <0.000287>
brk(NULL) = 0xeca000 <0.000035>
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) <0.000028>
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f9aff2b1000 <0.000020>
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) <0.000019>
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 <0.000022>
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 <0.000015>
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f9aff28c000 <0.000019>
close(3) = 0 <0.000014>
...
7. Jälgige ainult konkreetseid süsteemikõnesid
Allolevas käsus on trace = write tuntud kui kvalifitseeriv avaldis, kus jälg on kvalifikaator (teised hõlmavad signaali, lühendit, paljusõnalist, toorest, lugemist või kirjutamist). Siin on kirjutamine kvalifikatsiooni väärtus.
Järgmine käsk näitab tegelikult süsteemi kõnesid df-väljundi printimiseks standardväljundile.
$ sudo strace -e trace=write df -h
write(1, "Filesystem Size Used Avail"..., 49Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
) = 49
write(1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
) = 43
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
) = 43
write(1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
) = 40
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
) = 47
write(1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
) = 48
write(1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
) = 53
write(1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
) = 56
write(1, "tmpfs 788M 28K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
) = 53
+++ exited with 0 +++
Siin on mõned täiendavad käsud jäljekvalifikaatori kohta.
$ sudo strace -e trace=open,close df -h
$ sudo strace -e trace=open,close,read,write df -h
$ sudo strace -e trace=all df -h
8. Jälgige süsteemi kõnesid teatud tingimuste põhjal
Vaatame, kuidas jälgida konkreetse klassi sündmustega seotud süsteemikõnesid. Seda käsku saab kasutada kõigi protsessihaldusega seotud süsteemikõnede jälgimiseks.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=process df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fe2222ff700) = 0
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
exit_group(0) = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++
Järgmisena käivitage see käsk kõigi süsteemikõnede jälgimiseks, mis võtavad argumendiks failinime.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=file df -h
execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
open("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
...
Kõigi süsteemikõnede jälgimiseks, mis hõlmavad mälu kaardistamist, tippige.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=memory df -h
brk(NULL) = 0x77a000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4658000
mmap(NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4633000
mmap(NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f406b000
mprotect(0x7fe8f422b000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fe8f442b000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c0000) = 0x7fe8f442b000
mmap(0x7fe8f4431000, 14752, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4431000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4632000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4631000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4630000
mprotect(0x7fe8f442b000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x616000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fe8f465a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7fe8f4633000, 147662) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2981280, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f3d93000
brk(NULL) = 0x77a000
brk(0x79b000) = 0x79b000
mmap(NULL, 619, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4657000
mmap(NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4650000
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
+++ exited with 0 +++
Saate jälgida kõiki võrgu- ja signaalidega seotud süsteemikõnesid.
$ sudo strace -e trace=network df -h
$ sudo strace -e trace=signal df -h
9. Suunake jälje väljund faili
Standardveaga saadetud jälgimissõnumite faili kirjutamiseks kasutage valikut -o . See tähendab, et ekraanile prinditakse ainult käsu väljund, nagu allpool näidatud.
$ sudo strace -o df_debug.txt df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /run
/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% /
tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000
Faili sirvimiseks kasutage kassi käsku.
$ cat df_debug.txt
10. Näidake mõnda strace'i silumisväljundit
Strace-tööriista silumisteabe kuvamiseks kasutage lippu -d .
$ strace -d df -h
Lisateavet leiate strace man lehelt.
$ man strace
Lugege ka neid kasulikke seotud artikleid:
- 20 käsurea tööriista Linuxi jõudluse jälgimiseks
- Sysdig - võimas süsteemi jälgimise ja tõrkeotsingu tööriist Linuxile
- Kuidas Shell-skriptis käskude täitmist jälgida Shelli jälitamisega
- BCC - dünaamilised jälgimistööriistad Linuxi jõudluse jälgimiseks, võrgu loomiseks ja muuks
Kokkuvõtteks võib öelda, et strace on märkimisväärne tööriist programmi rikke põhjuste diagnoosimiseks: see on võimas silumine ja tõrkeotsing. See on praktiliselt kasulik kogenud süsteemiadministraatoritele, programmeerijatele ja häkkeritele. Selle artikli kohta käivate mõtete jagamiseks kasutage allolevat tagasisidevormi.