8 Linuxi Nslookupi käsku DNS-i tõrkeotsinguks
nslookup on käsurea haldustööriist DNS-serverite (domeeninimeserver) testimiseks ja tõrkeotsinguks. Seda kasutatakse ka konkreetsete DNS-i ressursikirjete (RR) päringuteks. Enamik opsüsteeme on varustatud sisseehitatud nslookup funktsiooniga.
See artikkel näitab üksikasjalikult laialt levinud nslookup käsku. Nslookupi saab käitada kahes režiimis: interaktiivne ja mitteinteraktiivne. Interaktiivset režiimi kasutatakse DNS-serveri päringuteks erinevate domeenide ja hostide kohta. Mitteinteraktiivset režiimi kasutatakse domeeni või hosti teabe kohta päringute esitamiseks.
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# nslookup yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: yahoo.com Address: 72.30.38.140 Name: yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name: yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
Käsu päringu domeeni www.yahoo.com kohal koos 4.2.2.2 avaliku DNS-serveriga ja allpool olevas jaotises kuvatakse mitteautoriteetne vastus: kuvatakse saidi www.yahoo.com kirje
# nslookup 209.191.122.70 Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: 70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpa name = ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
# nslookup ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com. Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
# nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com. ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wa1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1344827307 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 1800
MX-kirjet kasutatakse domeeninime kaardistamiseks selle domeeni postivahetusserverite loendisse. Nii et see ütleb, et mis tahes aadressile @ yahoo.com saadetud/saadetud kirjad suunatakse meiliserverisse.
# nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com. ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wa1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1344827782 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 1800
# nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: www.yahoo.com canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com. ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com. ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from: wa1.b.yahoo.com origin = yf1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 1344827965 refresh = 30 retry = 30 expire = 86400 minimum = 1800
# nslookup -query=any yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 Non-authoritative answer: yahoo.com origin = ns1.yahoo.com mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com serial = 2012081016 refresh = 3600 retry = 300 expire = 1814400 minimum = 600 Name: yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name: yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70 Name: yahoo.com Address: 72.30.38.140 yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net. yahoo.com nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns8.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns6.yahoo.com. yahoo.com nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com. Authoritative answers can be found from:
Silumisrežiimi lubamiseks tagastab 'seadista silumine' üksikasjaliku teabe, näiteks TTL.
# nslookup -debug yahoo.com > set debug > yahoo.com Server: 4.2.2.2 Address: 4.2.2.2#53 ------------ QUESTIONS: yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN ANSWERS: -> yahoo.com internet address = 72.30.38.140 ttl = 1523 -> yahoo.com internet address = 98.139.183.24 ttl = 1523 -> yahoo.com internet address = 209.191.122.70 ttl = 1523 AUTHORITY RECORDS: ADDITIONAL RECORDS: ------------ Non-authoritative answer: Name: yahoo.com Address: 72.30.38.140 Name: yahoo.com Address: 98.139.183.24 Name: yahoo.com Address: 209.191.122.70
Selles artiklis oleme püüdnud käsitleda nslookup-käske, mis võivad aidata teil otsida (DNS) domeeninime teenusega seotud teavet. Järgmine artikkel on käsul Linux Dig, mis sarnaneb nslookupiga. Kui teile artikkel meeldis, jagage palun oma sõpradega ja ärge unustage kommentaarikasti kaudu oma väärtuslikku tagasisidet anda.