8 Linuxi Nslookupi käsku DNS-i tõrkeotsinguks


nslookup on käsurea haldustööriist DNS-serverite (domeeninimeserver) testimiseks ja tõrkeotsinguks. Seda kasutatakse ka konkreetsete DNS-i ressursikirjete (RR) päringuteks. Enamik opsüsteeme on varustatud sisseehitatud nslookup funktsiooniga.

See artikkel näitab üksikasjalikult laialt levinud nslookup käsku. Nslookupi saab käitada kahes režiimis: interaktiivne ja mitteinteraktiivne. Interaktiivset režiimi kasutatakse DNS-serveri päringuteks erinevate domeenide ja hostide kohta. Mitteinteraktiivset režiimi kasutatakse domeeni või hosti teabe kohta päringute esitamiseks.

Samuti võite olla huvitatud järgmisest artiklist:

  1. 35 Linuxi käsu praktilisi näiteid
  2. 20 Netstat-käsku Linuxi võrguhalduseks
  3. 20 Linuxi YUM (Yellowdog Updater, muudetud) käsku pakettide haldamiseks

# nslookup yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70

Käsu päringu domeeni www.yahoo.com kohal koos 4.2.2.2 avaliku DNS-serveriga ja allpool olevas jaotises kuvatakse mitteautoriteetne vastus: kuvatakse saidi www.yahoo.com kirje

# nslookup 209.191.122.70

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
70.122.191.209.in-addr.arpa     name = ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:
# nslookup ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com.

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   ir1.fp.vip.mud.yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
# nslookup -query=mx www.yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com   canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
        origin = yf1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 1344827307
        refresh = 30
        retry = 30
        expire = 86400
        minimum = 1800

MX-kirjet kasutatakse domeeninime kaardistamiseks selle domeeni postivahetusserverite loendisse. Nii et see ütleb, et mis tahes aadressile @ yahoo.com saadetud/saadetud kirjad suunatakse meiliserverisse.

# nslookup -query=ns www.yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com   canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
        origin = yf1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 1344827782
        refresh = 30
        retry = 30
        expire = 86400
        minimum = 1800
# nslookup -type=soa www.yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.yahoo.com   canonical name = fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
fd-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-fp3.wg1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com.
ds-any-fp3-lfb.wa1.b.yahoo.com  canonical name = ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:
wa1.b.yahoo.com
        origin = yf1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 1344827965
        refresh = 30
        retry = 30
        expire = 86400
        minimum = 1800
# nslookup -query=any yahoo.com

Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

Non-authoritative answer:
yahoo.com
        origin = ns1.yahoo.com
        mail addr = hostmaster.yahoo-inc.com
        serial = 2012081016
        refresh = 3600
        retry = 300
        expire = 1814400
        minimum = 600
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
yahoo.com       mail exchanger = 1 mta7.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com       mail exchanger = 1 mta5.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com       mail exchanger = 1 mta6.am0.yahoodns.net.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns3.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns4.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns2.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns8.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns1.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns6.yahoo.com.
yahoo.com       nameserver = ns5.yahoo.com.

Authoritative answers can be found from:

Silumisrežiimi lubamiseks tagastab 'seadista silumine' üksikasjaliku teabe, näiteks TTL.

# nslookup -debug yahoo.com

> set debug
> yahoo.com
Server:         4.2.2.2
Address:        4.2.2.2#53

------------
    QUESTIONS:
        yahoo.com, type = A, class = IN
    ANSWERS:
    ->  yahoo.com
        internet address = 72.30.38.140
        ttl = 1523
    ->  yahoo.com
        internet address = 98.139.183.24
        ttl = 1523
    ->  yahoo.com
        internet address = 209.191.122.70
        ttl = 1523
    AUTHORITY RECORDS:
    ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
------------
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 72.30.38.140
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 98.139.183.24
Name:   yahoo.com
Address: 209.191.122.70

Selles artiklis oleme püüdnud käsitleda nslookup-käske, mis võivad aidata teil otsida (DNS) domeeninime teenusega seotud teavet. Järgmine artikkel on käsul Linux Dig, mis sarnaneb nslookupiga. Kui teile artikkel meeldis, jagage palun oma sõpradega ja ärge unustage kommentaarikasti kaudu oma väärtuslikku tagasisidet anda.